Aeroplane.



A. M. MCINTOSH.

ABROPLANE.

APPLIOATION FILED M5316. 1911.

DEFFJD.

ARTHUR MARSHALLMCINTOSH, OF SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA.

AERoPnANE.

Loadeee.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Jam. id, 1913.

Application filed March 16,1911. Serial No. 614,914.

To aZ whom it may concern.'

Be it known t-hat I, ARTHUR MARsHiiLL Mclmosrr, a subject of the King ofGreat. Britain, residing at 157 Macquarie street, Sydney, in the Stateof New South Wales. Commonwealth of Australia, have invented new anduseful `improvements in Aeroplanes, of which the following is aspecification.

In this invention there are several improvements relating to the wingsand rudder of an aeroplane.

The iirst improvement consists in making each wing of the aeroplane intwo longitudinal convex arcs.

The second improvement consistsin turning the front edge of each wingupward for a quarter or more of the length of the front edge of thewing, the turned up part being the most remote from the car.

The third improvement consists -in scall loping the extreme end of eachwing, thus forming a kind of terminal wing pinions with air spacesbetween the pinions.

The fourth improvement consists in providing a small auxiliary wing ator near the center of the front edge o-f'each wing. This auxiliary wingmay be manipulated from the car by a series of wires or rods. Theauxiliary wing is adapted to be thrust out in front of the main wing.

The ifth improvement consists in splitting the back edge of the mainwing whereby the back edge of the wing may be rendered more fiexible,thereby conducing to the more perfect Hight of the aeroplane.

The sixth improvement consists in dis--` pensing with the perpendicularrudder and adopting a horizontal kitefshaped rudder of special design.,

In order that theinvention may be properly understood, referencel ishereby made to the accompanying sheets of drawings, in which:

Figure l is a general front view of a plane left wing showing thelongitudinal cenvex arcs and 'the front edge turned up at the` outerend. Fig. 2 is a .diagram showing a wing laid fiat, the extreme endbeing scalloped, as above indicated, and the back edge split atintervals. y Fig. 3 isadiagram showing the wing in plan view, the thicktransverse lines showing the contour of the sections of the wing at theseveral points. Fig. 4 is a plan view on a small scala of the generalarrangement of the several members of the aeroplane. Fig. 5 is a planView of the horizontal rudder, the thick transverse lines showing theseveral sections of the kiteshaped rudder at those points.

Referring now to Fig; 4, A is the car, B

the lpropeller which is in front and.projects` from the car at arelativelyhigh point, C

the rudder which should be placed at a lower level than the propeller.lbeing, approximately, on a line'with the bottom of the car; D is theleft wing, E the right wing. Each wing is scalloped at the end, at D1,E1 respectively. At or near the front center of each wing is a smallauxiliary wing or sail F, G, which may be thrust out or withdrawn at thepleasure of the driver in the car. It will be remarked that the mainwings D, E, incline forward 'from the center toward the front, thusforminga 'very obtuse angle. These wings may be manipulated from the carto a limited extent, that is to say, the wings may be caused toassumeany position between the forward position shown in Fig. et, and acorresponding position on the opposite side of a horizontal line atright angles to the axis of the car.

Referring to Fig. l, it will be seen that the front line of the wing Disformed as two4 longitudinal arcs, the arc H and the arc J. The winginclines upward from the back edgeand then dips toward the front edge,as shown in the section at K. At a point a short distancel beyond thefront center of the wing, the front edge will begin to incline upward ator near the point L, until the section of the wing at the extreme endwill be of 'the contour shown at M. In order to facilitate illustration,the end of this wing has not been shown scalloped, but the positions ofthe scalloped points will follow the contour as shown in the 'diagramFig. 3.

Fig. 2 shows the wing laid iiat with the end scalloped at D1. The linesd, d, represent4 light ribs which are split at the ends as shown by thedouble lines-at Z1 all. These loose ends are very flexible and' assistin balancing the car .forward and backward duringwind gusts. Theyoperate automatically. F shows' the auxiliary wing or sail which may bethrust out or withdrawn by means of wires or rods (not shown in thedrawing) to be manipulated by the driver in the car.

F ig. 3 is a similar diagram to-that,shown d at Fig. 2 but is for thepurpose of illustratilo `ing the sections of the wing at different ipoints. It will be remarked that the sections l to 4 are 'about thesame; the part of the section below the line X-X in sections 5, 6,. and7 become progressively straighter;

in sect-ions 8, 9, and 10 the part-s below the line X-lX turn upward, orin 'the'opposite direction `to those at sections l to 4:. Thesekiteshapedrudder C. It presents a convex upper surface as shown by thesection, but as the sections approach the horizontal line between theside corners, the edges will be progressively turned up as shown by thesections 11 and 12.- TheA rear edge of the rudder is preferablycircular, but it may be made angular, as shown by the dotted lines.

The apex @lof the rudder should be closeto.

the car.' The rudder is' adapted to receive a lateral tilting motion forthe purpose of steering the car to the right or to the left; it willalso have a limited vertical tilting motion from the apex c in order toenable the car to. soar or dive.

Having now described my invention, what I claim as new and' desire tosecure Aby -Letv ters Patent iszl. A monoplane wing provided with twoconvex curves extending in the direction of its length, said wingbeingconvexly curved in the direction of its width, the front edge of saidwing, adjacent its outer end, being curved upwardly forming a concavelycurvedportion. l

2. In an aeroplane, in combination, a

horizontal sector-shapedrudder, the upper surface of which is conveXlycurved in a direction of its width, the side edges adjacent the rear endof the rudder being turned upwardly, and means to tilt said rudder.

3. In an aeroplane, in' combination, a.

horizontal sector-shaped rudder, the upper surface of which is convexlycurved in a direction 'of its width, the side edges adjacent the rearend of the rudder being turned upwardly, and means to tilt said rudderin the direction of its length and in the direction of its width.

In testimony whereof I have signed my I name to this speciiication inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

ARTHUR MARSHALL MCINTSH.

' Witnesses ALBERT MAssEY, CEGIL NEWTON.

